Acute Confusional State in Elderly: Prognostic factors and Outcome
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Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors and clinical outcomes of Acute Confusional State (ACS) in elderly patients, focusing on predisposing and precipitating factors, cognitive impairment, and mortality rates. Design: A prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra. Subjects/Patients: A total of 100 patients aged ≥60 years admitted with ACS in the male and female medical wards. Patients with ACS due to psychiatric illness or trauma were excluded. Methods: Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and analyzed for predisposing (age, dementia, comorbidities) and precipitating factors (metabolic disturbances, infections, hypoxia). Data collection included demographics, medical history, systemic examination, and laboratory investigations. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The most common predisposing factors were hypertension (59%), diabetes (47%), and dementia (9%). Metabolic disturbances (49%) and hypoxia (37%) were the leading precipitating factors. ICU admission was required in 74% of cases. The mortality rate was 33%, with 67% of patients discharged. Conclusion: ACS in the elderly is associated with high morbidity and mortality, emphasizing the need for early identification and targeted management of risk factors to improve clinical outcomes.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Sangeeta Pednekar, Hiya Mehta, Ramani Sonawane, Abhiram Bhave, Suvarna Thorat, Dhirendra Yadav, Priyanka Bhagat, Raed A. Kalsekar, Alhad A. Mulkalwar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons License All articles published in Annals of Medicine and Medical Sciences are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Hiya Mehta, Junior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Junior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Ramani Sonawane, Junior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Junior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Dhirendra Yadav, Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Priyanka Bhagat, Senior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Senior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Raed A. Kalsekar, 3rd Year Undergraduate Student, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
3rd Year Undergraduate Student, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Alhad A. Mulkalwar, Tutor, Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Tutor, Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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