Pattern of Serum Testosterone Level in Kashmiri Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Correlation with Vitamin D Levels
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Abstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly prevalent in Kashmir, with significant metabolic and endocrine complications. Hypogonadism and vitamin D deficiency are emerging as important comorbidities that may worsen disease outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the pattern of serum testosterone levels in Kashmiri men with T2DM, estimate the prevalence of hypogonadism, and assess the correlation between testosterone and vitamin D levels. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 18 months at SMHS Hospital, Srinagar, including 250 Kashmiri men aged 20-59 years with T2DM. Clinical, biochemical, and hormonal parameters were assessed. Serum testosterone and 25-(OH)-vitamin D levels were analyzed in relation to age, BMI, and duration of diabetes. Results: Hypogonadism (testosterone <300 ng/dl) was detected in 39.2% of participants. Both testosterone and vitamin D levels showed significant age-related decline (p<0.05), with the lowest values in the 50-59 years group. Higher BMI and longer duration of T2DM were strongly associated with lower testosterone and vitamin D levels (p<0.05). Men with vitamin D sufficiency had higher mean testosterone compared to those with deficiency, indicating a positive correlation (p=0.001). No significant association was found between HbA1c and testosterone levels. Conclusion: Hypogonadism and vitamin D deficiency are highly prevalent in Kashmiri men with T2DM, particularly in obese individuals and those with long-standing diabetes. The positive correlation between vitamin D and testosterone highlights the importance of early hormonal screening and targeted interventions to reduce metabolic and cardiovascular risks in this population.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Sajid Mohmad Sofi, Dr Mustafa Bashir, Dr Tavseef Ahmad Tali, Dr Fiza Amin
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Creative Commons License All articles published in Annals of Medicine and Medical Sciences are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Dr Sajid Mohmad Sofi, Senior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College Srinagar, J&K, India.
Senior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College Srinagar, J&K, India.
Dr Mustafa Bashir, Senior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College Baramulla, J&K, India.
Senior Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College Baramulla, J&K, India.
Dr Tavseef Ahmad Tali, Assistant Professor, Department of Radiation oncology, Government Medical College Baramulla, J&K, India.
Assistant Professor, Department of Radiation oncology, Government Medical College Baramulla, J&K, India.
Dr Fiza Amin, Consultant, Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Ramzaan Hospital Gogji Bagh, Srinagar, J&K, India.
Consultant, Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Ramzaan Hospital Gogji Bagh, Srinagar, J&K, India.
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