Assessment of Nutrition and Related Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Among Patients Attending Mbagathi Hospital, Nairobi Kenya
Authors
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Globally, type 2 diabetes (T2D) has almost quadrupled (from one hundred and eight million persons in 1980 to four hundred and twenty-two million persons in 2014). (World Health Organization, 2020). Diabetes disease burden is increasing at a high rate in Africa, where 1 out of 22 adult populations is diabetic, giving a total of twenty-four million diabetic Africans. For Kenya, the population has doubled to forty-six million from twenty-three million in the year 1990, and the increased population is resulting in an overwhelming number of non-communicable diseases, with diabetes among the top list. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 121 respondents interviewed using structured questionnaires to collect information on socio-economic status and socio-demographic factors, nutritional status via anthropometric measurement, engagement in physical activity, and patient health talk by the healthcare provider on weight loss and engaging in physical exercise. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the relationship between socio-demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, nutritional status, engaging in physical activities, getting health talks on weight loss, doing more exercises, and having diabetes. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was higher among females than males, 64.5% and 35.5%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between gender and waist-hip ratio (p=0.000). Similarly, there was a significant association between the frequency of vegetable consumption (p= .038) and adding salt to food while eating (p= .000). Conclusion: There is a need for regular nutritional status monitoring, health education, and the development of targeted preventative measures in the management of type 2 diabetes.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Copyright (c) 2025 Barasa A. E. Chessa, Dr Sophia Ngala, Dr Jeff Wamiti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons License All articles published in Annals of Medicine and Medical Sciences are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
[1] Abe, M., Fujii, H., Funakoshi, S., Satoh, A., Kawazoe, M., Maeda, T., Tada, K., Yokota, S., Yamanokuchi, T., Yoshimura, C., Mimata, R., Takahashi, K., Ito, K., Yasuno, T., Kuga, T., Mukoubara, S., Akiyoshi, K., Kawanami, D., Masutani, K., & Arima, H. (2021). Comparison of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in the Prediction of Diabetes: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study. Diabetes Therapy, 12(10), 2663–2676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01138-3
[2] Al, M. M. A. et. (2019). No Title. International Academic Journal of Health Medicine, 1(1), 11–30.
[3] Amankwah-Poku, M. (2019). A cross-sectional study of knowledge and awareness of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a student population in Ghana: do demographics and lifestyle make a difference? Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 7(1), 234–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2019.1637261
[4] Bujang, M. A. (2021). A step-by-step process on sample size determination for medical research. In Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (Vol. 28, Issue 2, pp. 15–27). Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2021.28.2.2
[5] Chege, M. P. (2010). Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients attending a rural Kenyan hospital. African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v2i1.96
[6] Fa, O., Ca, A., Sa, A., & Osibogun A. (2019a). Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Diabetic Patients Attending Teaching Hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. In JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (Vol. 31, Issue 2).
[7] Fa, O., Ca, A., Sa, A., & Osibogun A. (2019b). Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Diabetic Patients Attending Teaching Hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. In JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (Vol. 31, Issue 2).
[8] Grabowski, D., Aagaard-Hansen, J., Willaing, I., & Jensen, B. B. (2017). Principled promotion of health: Implementing five guiding health promotion principles for research-based prevention and management of diabetes. Societies, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/soc7020010
[9] Guidelines, N. C., Of, M., & Mellitus, D. (2010). Republic of Kenya National Clinical Guidelines for Management of Diabetes Mellitus First Edition.
[10] Hariri, S., Rahimi, Z., Hashemi-Madani, N., Mard, S. A., Hashemi, F., Mohammadi, Z., Danehchin, L., Abolnezhadian, F., Valipour, A., Paridar, Y., Mir-Nasseri, M. M., Khajavi, A., Masoudi, S., Alvand, S., Cheraghian, B., Shayesteh, A. A., Khamseh, M. E., & Poustchi, H. (2021). Prevalence and determinants of diabetes and prediabetes in southwestern Iran: the Khuzestan comprehensive health study (KCHS). BMC Endocrine Disorders, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00790-x
[11] International Diabetes Federation. (2021). Diabetes en el Sur de África.
[12] Jayedi, A., Soltani, S., Motlagh, S. Z. T., Emadi, A., Shahinfar, H., Moosavi, H., & Shab-Bidar, S. (2022). Anthropometric and adiposity indicators and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. In The BMJ (Vol. 376). BMJ Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-067516
[13] Jones Tiffany. (2013). Diabetes Mellitus: the increasing burden of disease in Kenya. South Sudan Medical Journal, 6(3), 60–65.
[14] Organisation, W. H. (2018). Глобальный доклад по диабету [Global report on diabetes]. Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Global Report on Diabetes, 88.
[15] Turpin, K., Rockers, P. C., Vian, T., Onyango, M. A., Laing, R., & Wirtz, V. J. (2018). Prevalence and treatment of hypertension, diabetes and asthma in Kenya: A representative household survey in eight counties in 2016. East African Medical Journal, 95(3), 1286-1297.
[16] Wangari, J. M., Mwangi, E., & Arodi, W. A. (2023). Compliance with Tuberculosis Infection, Prevention and Control Guidelines among Healthcare Workers in Kenyatta National Hospital and Mbagathi District Hospital. American Journal of Public Health Research, 11(3), 88-98. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajphr-11-3-2
[17] WHO-Government of Canada. (2021). Improving diabetes outcomes for all, a hundred years on from the discovery of insulin: report of the Global Diabetes Summit. 14.
[18] World Health Organization. (2020). Diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes. Atencion Primaria, 42(SUPPL. 1), 2-8.