Clinical Profile, Risk Factors and Outcome of Hospital Acquired Peumonia at a Teritary Care Center: A Prospective Study
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical profile, risk factors, outcomes, microbiological patterns, and antibiotic resistance in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) patients at a tertiary care centre. Design: Prospective observational study. Subjects/Patients: A total of 138 patients were diagnosed with HAP at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. Methods: Patients developing HAP ≥48 hours after admission were enrolled. Clinical data, comorbidities, risk factors, and microbiological cultures were recorded. Outcomes were analysed using standard statistical tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean age was 44.2 ± 17.7 years; 65.2% were male. Major risk factors included obesity (48.6%), steroid use (46.4%), hypertension (41.3%), diabetes (30.4%), and smoking (31.2%). Klebsiella pneumoniae (30%) was the most common isolate, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pan-resistance was observed in 9.4% of cases, predominantly involving Klebsiella pneumoniae (69.2%), Acinetobacter baumannii (15.4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.4%). Death occurred in 26.8% of patients, predominantly in older patients and those requiring ICU care and ventilator support. A CPIS ≥8 was significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HAP remains a serious cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in older and critically ill patients. Early identification of risk factors and region-specific antimicrobial strategies are essential for improving outcomes.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Nitin Sarate, Dr Kamaraju K, Dr Anand Subhashrao Nirgude, Vineet Chandak, Dr Alhad Mulkalwar
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