The Power of Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: A Systematic Review
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Abstract
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) in surgery has evolved significantly improving surgeon’s cognitive capabilities. Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning (ML) and Computer Vision (CV) are some technologies utilized for effective training and surgical outcomes. Aim and Objective: The primary aim of the study was to answer the question: “How far AI is helping a surgeon to demonstrate his skills in teaching in future?”. Methods: Fourteen studies dealing with AI applications in surgery were selected from Pubmed, Embase and Scopus for the period 2016 to 2024 and were analysed by throwing light on various techniques and their accuracy in surgical skill evaluation affecting outcomes for patients and impacting surgical education. Results: The overall accuracy percentage for the role of AI in skill evaluation and training for surgery was 91.26%. ML and DL (Deep Learning) techniques showed promising results in improving intraoperative guidance and surgical training. Conclusion: Challenges like availability of data, ethical considerations and robust validation need remain to linger. AI has revolutionized surgery with provision of enhanced support for decision with better training outcomes by enabling surgical actions autonomous in nature. There is a need for the community of surgeons to embrace AI technologies in future keeping associated challenges in mind and ensuring patient safety with much emphasis on treatment strategies.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Saleem M, MS, G Arun Raj Kumar, MS, Shahul Hameed, MS, Nishal Marakkar, Jamila Hameed, MD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons License All articles published in Annals of Medicine and Medical Sciences are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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