Recovered from Disinfectants Often Used in Khartoum Tertiary Care Hospitals, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates are able to Produce β-lactamase Resistance Enzymes
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Abstract
Background and study aim: Disinfectants play a crucial role in infection control in hospitals, but some bacteria can resist these disinfectants or contaminate them. This study aims to investigate the potential disinfectant contamination in Sudanese hospitals by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Methods: The study period for this cross-sectional investigation was between November 2020 and October 2021. The actual collection of disinfectant samples was over a three-week period within that timeframe. Analysis was conducted on 44 disinfectant samples from nine hospitals in Khartoum state. The 44 disinfectant samples collected encompassed 9 distinct types of disinfectants commonly used in hospital settings. The presence of P. aeruginosa was determined using a combination of microbiological methods and genotypic techniques based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Additionally, PCR was used to identify a number of ß-lactamase genes. Results: Among 44 disinfectant samples, 7 samples (15.9%) tested positive for P. aeruginosa contamination. Contamination was most frequently observed in chloroxylenol-based disinfectants (5/9), followed by sodium hypochlorite (1/6) and chlorhexidine gluconate–cetrimide formulations (1/1). P. aeruginosa showed resistance to both the cephalosporin and penicillin groups of antibiotics, and all isolates tested positive for the blaTEM-1 resistance gene. Conclusions: Significant contamination with P. aeruginosa was found in the disinfectant samples examined, posing a risk to hospital patients.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Lubaba S. Eisa, MSc, Rehab Ahmed, PhD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons License All articles published in Annals of Medicine and Medical Sciences are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Lubaba S. Eisa, MSc, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Master Program, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan.
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Master Program, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan.
Rehab Ahmed, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
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