A Study of Menstrual Pattern in Relation to Thyroid Status in Infertile Women
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Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysfunction plays a pivotal role in female reproductive health. It can significantly influence menstrual cycles and fertility through its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Menstrual irregularities are frequently observed in women with altered thyroid status, yet the extent of this association in infertile women warrants further investigation. Aim: A study of menstrual pattern in relation to thyroid status in infertile women. Materials and Methods: This comparative, observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at SMGS GMC Jammu over 1.5 years. A total of 120 women aged 20–40 years were enrolled, including 60 infertile women as the study group and 60 fertile women as the control group. Participants were selected using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. After obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent, all subjects underwent comprehensive hematological, biochemical, hormonal, and imaging evaluations to assess thyroid status and menstrual patterns. Results: Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common thyroid abnormality in the study group (28.33%), followed by clinical hypothyroidism (6.67%). In contrast, thyroid dysfunction was significantly lower in the control group. Amenorrhea was the most prevalent menstrual irregularity among euthyroid women in both study (55.26%) and control (80%) groups. In hypothyroid infertile women, amenorrhea (42.86%) and menorrhagia (19.04%) were frequently observed, while hypothyroid controls primarily experienced oligomenorrhea (80%). Conclusion: The study demonstrates a strong correlation between thyroid dysfunction—especially subclinical hypothyroidism—and menstrual irregularities in infertile women. Amenorrhea was the predominant disturbance in both euthyroid and hypothyroid states. These findings emphasize the need for routine thyroid evaluation in infertile women presenting with abnormal menstrual cycles to ensure timely intervention and improved reproductive outcomes.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Anuradha Thapa, Dr. Nancy Bhagat, Dr. Parikh Rana, Dr. Tarini Singh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons License All articles published in Annals of Medicine and Medical Sciences are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Dr. Anuradha Thapa, Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Government Medical College, UT of J & K, India.
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Government Medical College, UT of J & K, India.
Dr. Nancy Bhagat, Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Government Medical College, UT of J & K, India.
Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Government Medical College, UT of J & K, India.
Dr. Parikh Rana, Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Government Medical College, UT of J & K, India.
Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Government Medical College, UT of J & K, India.
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